Nope, I cannot reproduce it with your config as well. On a fresh Doom install and after adjusting the relevant paths, everything worked fine with your config.el and init.el: Citar, ORB templates from anywhere, no need for org-roam-db sync, etc. I also had to add (package! org-ref) (package! org-roam-bibtex) to package.el but I believe you have something similar.
Do you by chance have any .dir-locals.el in your Org-roam directory?
The only other thing I can suggest now is rm -rf your Doom’s .local/straight/*, both the current build and repos directories and running doom sync.
As a side note, your config takes very long time to load (~15-20 sec instead of 2-3 sec) possibly indicating that you’re eagerly loading many packages at once. I couldn’t find the cause at a glance though.
Thanks a lot for your time and effort!